Categories: Insur. Health

Imbalance of the intestinal microbiota: symptoms of dysbiosis

Our intestine houses billions of microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, viruses). Together they form the intestinal microbiota. The latter is involved in the digestion of food, the assimilation of nutrients, immunity, the regulation of inflammation and even the regulation of mood. But this ecosystem is fragile. When it becomes disrupted, we speak of dysbiosis. And while some symptoms are obvious, others are much more subtle and difficult to identify. We take stock with Cédric Ben Chemhoun, dietitian nutritionist specializing in intestinal microbiota.

Reminder: what is dysbiosis?

Concretely, our intestine functions like a garden: when it is well maintained, “good” bacteria dominate and prevent unwanted microbes from proliferating. But if this balance is disrupted, some species can take over, while others disappear. Result: the entire system becomes less efficient. This is what we call the dysbiosis.

Dysbiosis: what are the first warning symptoms?

Symptoms of dysbiosis vary greatly from person to person. But, in the majority of cases, these are digestive disorders the most common – and above all, the easiest to spot!

Belly that swells after meals

This is often the first warning signal, says the dietician. Patients describe:

A feeling of swollen and tense stomach,
The feeling of having gained weight just in a few minutes,
Abdominal discomfort that appears 15 to 30 minutes after the meal.

“Some people even compare this feeling to the beginning of pregnancy: they have the impression of being 2 or 3 months pregnant,” describes Cédric Ben Chemhoun.

More frequent gas and bloating

Gas is part of the normal functioning of the intestine. But certain changes should alert you:

Of the more frequent gases,
Of the more odorous gases than usual,
A feeling of pressure in the stomach,
Of the intestinal sounds (borborygmes) more marked

Taken in isolation, these signs may seem harmless. But when they become regular, they can reflect an imbalance in the microbiota.

Irregular transit (constipation/diarrhea)

The transit sometimes becomes unpredictable: “We observe an alternation between unusual constipation et episodes of diarrhea punctual,” warns the dietitian. Concretely, this can manifest itself by:

Rare stools (less than 3 times a week),
Hard stools, difficult to evacuate,
A feeling of incomplete evacuation,

More liquid stools,
An urgent need to have a bowel movement,
A sudden increase in frequency.

More discreet digestive signs

In certain cases, imbalances in the intestinal microbiota can lead to:

The repeated presence of small hemorrhoids,
A dry mouth feeling at night or when waking up,
And metallic or sour taste common in the throat.

Can we have symptoms outside of the digestive system?

Yes, it’s possible. And it’s even common.

Sometimes confusing signs

Some symptoms may be surprising… But they sometimes have an intestinal origin:

A dry eye (dry eyes, etc.);
A unusual fatigueeven after a good night;
Of the skin problems (eczema, itching, redness, etc.);
Of the sleep disorders (waking up around 3 – 4 a.m., difficulty getting back to sleep);
Of the joint pain (stiffness, more frequent injuries, slower recovery);
Of the episodes of unexplained anxiety (tension, anxiety at the end of the day, for no apparent reason);
Etc.

The common point? An inflammatory terrain discreetoften difficult to identify, but very real!

Can we have an unbalanced microbiota without knowing it?

It is possible, but it remains rather rare. In the majority of cases, the body sends signals, even discreet ones. As Cédric Ben Chemhoun points out, there is always at least one digestive symptomeven mild: slightly swollen stomach, gas, irregular transit…

Why do we sometimes miss out?

Some people get used to their symptoms.
Some signs are trivialized : “I have always been constipated”, “I have a sensitive stomach, that’s just how it is”.
Manifestations may fluctuate: One day everything is fine, the next day nothing is fine. It is difficult, in this case, to identify a fundamental problem.
Some people mainly present “atypical” signs. Fatigue, skin problems, widespread pain… The link with digestion is not necessarily obvious!

What to do if you suspect intestinal dysbiosis?

No need to change everything overnight. The idea is to move forward step by step.

Good reflexes to adopt

Simple but regular adjustments can make a difference:

Increase your consumption of fiberswhich feed the “good” bacteria. Favor vegetables (raw and cooked), eat fruit every day and add legumes to your plate (beans, chickpeas, lentils, etc.).
Reduce your consumption of ultra-processed foods. They are often rich in sugars, additives and poor quality fats which unbalance the microbiota.
Gradually introduce fermented foods in your diet (plain yogurts or fermented milks, raw sauerkraut, kimchi, kefir, etc.). Note: start with small quantities, especially if you are not used to it.
Learn to better manage your stress. Focus, for example, on breathing, walking and gentle physical activity (swimming, yoga, etc.).
Take care of your sleep. Stick to regular schedules, limit screens in the evening and establish calming rituals before bed.

Microbiota imbalance: when to consult?

If symptoms persist, intensify or become bothersome in daily life, it is important to consult. A healthcare professional will be able to take stock of your symptoms, rule out other possible causes and direct you towards appropriate treatment (diet, examinations, specific support).

In summary, the microbiota often sends signals… You still have to know how to listen to them. Bloating, irregular transit, fatigue, dermatological problems: nothing is trivial. Good news: by adapting your lifestyle, you can find a better balance. And you feel better, lastingly.

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